crust
/krʌst/noun
उच्चारण क्रस्ट
पपड़ी, परत; भूपर्पटी
Basic word
- 1
[C, U]
the hard outer surface of bread; a hard layer on the surface of something; the outer layer of the earth
पपड़ी, परत; भूपर्पटी
- pizza crust
- the earth's crust
- He cut the crust off his sandwich.
+ 3 more examples
- A thin crust of ice covered the pond.
- The pie has a golden, flaky crust.
- Scientists study the earth's crust to understand earthquakes.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 5
crust (countable/uncountable noun)
The hard outer layer of bread or pie; also a hard layer on any surface.
ब्रेड या पाई की कठोर बाहरी परत; किसी भी सतह पर जमी कठोर परत भी।
- She cut the crust off the bread.
- A thin crust of ice covered the pond.
the earth's crust
In geography, the hard outer layer of the earth.
भूगोल में पृथ्वी की कठोर बाहरी परत।
- The earth's crust is made up of plates.
- Earthquakes shake the crust.
crust (verb) + over / up
To form a hard layer. Over and up show covering and completion.
कठोर परत बनना। 'Over' और 'up' ढकने और पूर्णता को दर्शाते हैं।
- The mud crusted over in the sun.
- The wound crusted up.
the upper crust
An idiom for the highest social class.
यह मुहावरा समाज के सबसे ऊँचे वर्ग के लिए है।
- The club was meant for the upper crust of the city.
crust vs rind vs skin
Crust is hard and baked; rind is the thick outer layer of fruit or cheese; skin is the thin covering.
Crust कठोर और सिकी परत है; rind फल या पनीर की मोटी बाहरी परत; skin पतला आवरण है।
- Bread has a crust, a melon has a rind, a grape has a skin.
+Collocations 6
adjective + crust
crispthingoldenhardstale
- The pizza had a thin, crisp crust.
food + crust
breadpiepizzapastrycheese
- The pie crust was flaky and golden.
crust + of
of iceof snowof saltof mudof bread
- A crust of snow lay over the lawn.
verb + crust
cut offbreakformscrapebake
- Cut off the crust before making the sandwich.
geological crust
earth's crustocean crustcontinental crustupper crust
- Continental crust is thicker than ocean crust.
crust + verb
hardenscracksflakesformsturns brown
- The crust turns brown in a hot oven.
“More examples 7
- Radhika's brother does not eat the crust of the bread.
राधिका का भाई ब्रेड की ऊपरी परत नहीं खाता।
- The apple pie has a buttery crust.
Apple pie की परत मक्खन जैसी है।
- A crust of dried mud covered the boots.
सूखी मिट्टी की परत जूतों पर चढ़ी थी।
- Scientists study the earth's crust to predict earthquakes.
वैज्ञानिक भूकंप की भविष्यवाणी के लिए पृथ्वी की भू-पर्पटी का अध्ययन करते हैं।
- The poor child was glad to get even a crust of bread.
ग़रीब बच्चा रोटी का एक टुकड़ा पाकर भी प्रसन्न था।
- Salt left a white crust on the dry lake bed.
नमक ने सूखी झील के तल पर सफ़ेद परत छोड़ दी।
- The baker brushed milk on the crust to make it shine.
बेकर ने परत को चमकाने के लिए उस पर दूध लगाया।
!Common mistakes 1
✗ The crust of the earth are very hard.
✓ The crust of the earth is very hard.
The subject is crust, so the verb is singular.
Subject 'crust' है, इसलिए verb singular होनी चाहिए।
¶Idioms 2
earn your/a crust
(informal) to earn money to live on
रोज़ी-रोटी कमाना
- He earns a crust by driving a taxi.
- She has to earn a crust somehow.
the upper crust
the people who belong to the highest social class (informal)
उच्च वर्ग; रईस तबक़ा
- The club was popular with the upper crust of society.
- She was born into the upper crust.
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
The upper crust (the highest social class).
Idiom 'the upper crust' (सबसे ऊँचा सामाजिक वर्ग)।
✓In the exam
General knowledge
Science GK, asked often: the earth's crust is the outermost layer (thinnest under the oceans); its most common elements are oxygen and silicon.
विज्ञान GK अक्सर पूछा जाता है: भूपर्पटी पृथ्वी की सबसे बाहरी परत है (महासागरों के नीचे सबसे पतली); इसके सबसे आम तत्व ऑक्सीजन और silicon हैं।