customer
/ˈkʌstəmə(r)/noun
उच्चारण कस्टमर
ग्राहक
Basic word
- 1
[C]
a person or an organization that buys something from a shop or business
ग्राहक
- The customer is always right.
- The shopkeeper greeted every customer with a smile.
- A customer complained about the late delivery.
+ 2 more examples
- The bank is trying to attract more young customers.
- Regular customers get a discount on all items.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
customer of / at a shop or bank
A customer is someone who buys; use customer of a firm or bank and customer at a shop or counter.
Customer वह है जो ख़रीदता है; फ़र्म या बैंक के लिए 'customer of' और दुकान या काउंटर के लिए 'customer at' आता है।
- She is a customer of the State Bank.
- There was only one customer at the counter.
customer + noun (service, care, support)
Customer before a noun names a department or service: customer care, customer service, customer support.
Customer, noun से पहले आकर विभाग या सेवा बताता है: customer care, customer service, customer support।
- Call customer care if the card is lost.
- Customer service was excellent.
regular / new / satisfied customer
Adjectives describe the relationship with the shop, such as regular, loyal and satisfied.
Adjectives दुकान से संबंध का वर्णन करते हैं, जैसे regular, loyal और satisfied।
- He is a regular customer at the tea stall.
- Satisfied customers return again.
customer vs client vs consumer
A customer buys goods; a client uses a professional service; a consumer uses a product, even if someone else bought it.
Customer वस्तु ख़रीदता है; client पेशेवर सेवा लेता है; consumer उत्पाद का उपयोग करता है, चाहे ख़रीदा किसी और ने हो।
- The lawyer met her client.
- A child is a consumer of sweets, but his father is the customer.
+Collocations 4
adjective + customer
regularloyalnewangrysatisfied
- The baker knew every regular customer by name.
verb + customer
serveattractlosesatisfytreat
- A good shopkeeper treats every customer with respect.
customer + noun
servicecaresupportcomplaintfeedback
- The airline replied to her customer complaint.
noun + customer
bank customeronline customermobile customerwalk-in customer
- Walk-in customers are served at the front desk.
“More examples 5
- The customer asked for a refund because the shirt was torn.
ग्राहक ने शर्ट फटी होने के कारण पैसे वापस माँगे।
- Customers must show the bill to take the item back.
वस्तु वापस करने के लिए ग्राहकों को बिल दिखाना होगा।
- The shop gives a discount to every returning customer.
दुकान हर दोबारा आने वाले ग्राहक को छूट देती है।
- Radhika works as a customer care executive.
राधिका customer care executive के रूप में काम करती है।
- A polite voice calms an angry customer quickly.
विनम्र आवाज़ क्रोधित ग्राहक को जल्दी शांत कर देती है।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ He is a customer in this bank for ten years.
✓ He has been a customer of this bank for ten years.
For a period up to now, use the present perfect, and a customer takes of a bank.
अब तक की अवधि के लिए present perfect आता है, और bank के साथ 'customer of' आता है।
✗ She became a customer for this bank last year.
✓ She became a customer of this bank last year.
A customer belongs to a firm, so of is used, not for.
ग्राहक किसी फ़र्म का होता है, इसलिए 'of' आता है, 'for' नहीं।
?Which word?
Keep apart, asked often: customer (buys goods from a shop), client (pays for a professional service, like a lawyer's), consumer (a person who uses goods or services), patron (a regular customer; a person who supports an artist or organization).
इन्हें अलग रखिए, अक्सर पूछा जाता है: customer (दुकान से सामान ख़रीदने वाला, ग्राहक), client (पेशेवर सेवा के लिए भुगतान करने वाला, जैसे वकील की, मुवक्किल), consumer (सामान या सेवाएँ उपयोग करने वाला, उपभोक्ता), patron (नियमित ग्राहक; कलाकार या संगठन का समर्थक, संरक्षक)।
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
'The customer is always right.'
कहावत 'The customer is always right' (ग्राहक सदा सही है)।
A cool customer (a person who stays calm), a tough customer (a person who is difficult to deal with).
Idioms: a cool customer (शांत रहने वाला), a tough customer (निपटने में कठिन व्यक्ति)।
✓In the exam
General knowledge
24 December is National Consumer Day in India; the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 protects consumers' rights; 15 March is World Consumer Rights Day.
24 दिसंबर भारत में राष्ट्रीय उपभोक्ता दिवस है; उपभोक्ता संरक्षण अधिनियम, 2019 उपभोक्ताओं के अधिकारों की रक्षा करता है; 15 मार्च विश्व उपभोक्ता अधिकार दिवस है।