hence
/hens/adverb
उच्चारण हेन्स
इसलिए; अब से
Core word
- 1
formal
for this reason; from now
इसलिए; अब से
- He was ill; hence his absence.
- two years hence
- The bridge is unsafe; hence the decision to close it.
+ 2 more examples
- The train was delayed by fog and hence we missed the meeting.
- The results will be announced a month hence.
Synonyms therefore thus so consequently accordingly
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
hence + noun phrase
Hence means for this reason; it is often followed by a noun phrase that names the result, not a full clause.
Hence का अर्थ है 'इस कारण'; इसके बाद प्रायः परिणाम बताने वाला noun phrase आता है, पूरा clause नहीं।
- He missed the bus, hence the delay.
- The roof is weak, hence the need for repairs.
hence + clause
Hence can also introduce a full clause as a formal linking word, often at the start of a sentence.
Hence औपचारिक योजक के रूप में पूरे clause को भी जोड़ सकता है, प्रायः वाक्य के आरंभ में।
- Prices rose sharply; hence people reduced their spending.
hence (time, formal)
After a time phrase, hence means from now: two years hence. This is formal and old-fashioned.
समय-वाचक शब्द के बाद 'hence' का अर्थ 'अब से' है: two years hence। यह औपचारिक और पुराने ढंग का है।
- Three months hence the building will be ready.
hence vs therefore vs thus
Hence is shorter and often leads into a noun; therefore usually introduces a clause; thus often shows manner or a result.
Hence छोटा है और प्रायः noun की ओर ले जाता है; therefore प्रायः clause लाता है; thus रीति या परिणाम दिखाता है।
- It rained all day, hence the cancellation of the match.
+Collocations 4
hence + noun phrase
hence the namehence the delayhence the confusionhence the titlehence the need
- The village lies by a banyan tree, hence the name Bargaon.
punctuation + hence
; hence, henceand hencebut hence
- The tank was empty, and hence the fields remained dry.
time + hence
a year henceten years hencea month hencesome days hence
- Nobody knows what the world will be like fifty years hence.
hence + result
hence the problemhence the shortagehence the successhence the popularity
- The food was cheap and tasty, hence its popularity.
“More examples 5
- The two roads meet at the market, hence the name Chauraha.
दोनों सड़कें बाज़ार में मिलती हैं, इसलिए उसका नाम चौराहा पड़ा।
- Radhika had not revised the chapter, hence her poor marks.
राधिका ने अध्याय दोहराया नहीं था, इसलिए उसके अंक कम आए।
- The engine was old and weak; hence the frequent breakdowns.
इंजन पुराना और कमज़ोर था; इसलिए वह बार-बार ख़राब होता था।
- Rainfall has declined, hence the shortage of water in summer.
वर्षा घटी है, इसलिए गर्मियों में पानी की कमी है।
- No one can predict the price of gold five years hence.
पाँच वर्ष बाद सोने का भाव कोई नहीं बता सकता।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ He was ill, hence he could not attend the exam.
✓ He was ill and hence could not attend the exam.
Hence is not a conjunction, so a comma alone cannot join two full clauses; use and, a semicolon or a full stop.
'Hence' conjunction नहीं है, इसलिए केवल comma से दो पूरे clauses नहीं जुड़ते; and, semicolon या full stop का प्रयोग करें।
✗ I will meet you after two days hence.
✓ I will meet you two days hence.
Hence already means from now, so after is not needed.
'Hence' का अर्थ पहले से 'अब से' है, इसलिए 'after' की ज़रूरत नहीं।
≈Synonyms and antonyms
Synonyms
§Grammar and usage
Hence can be followed by a noun phrase without a verb ('hence the delay').
Hence के बाद बिना verb का noun वाक्यांश आ सकता है ('hence the delay')।