although
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/conjunction
उच्चारण ऑल्दो
यद्यपि, हालाँकि
Basic word
- 1
used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising; but; however
यद्यपि, हालाँकि
- Although it rained, we played.
- Although he was tired, he finished the assignment.
- She kept smiling, although her feet were hurting.
+ 1 more example
- Although the shop was closed, we found another one nearby.
Synonyms though even though while whereas despite the fact that
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
although + clause, main clause
Although joins two clauses and shows contrast. Each clause needs its own subject and verb.
'Although' दो clauses को जोड़कर विरोध दिखाता है। प्रत्येक clause में अपना subject और verb आवश्यक है।
- Although it was raining, Radhika went to school.
- He passed although he had studied little.
although + adjective / participle (ellipsis)
When the subject and be-verb are clear, they can be dropped, leaving although with an adjective or participle.
जब subject और be-verb स्पष्ट हों, तब उन्हें छोड़ा जा सकता है और 'although' के बाद केवल adjective या participle रह जाता है।
- Although tired, she finished the work.
- The paper, although long, was easy.
no 'but' in the same sentence
Although already shows contrast, so do not add but in the main clause. Hindi 'हालाँकि... लेकिन' leads students to add it.
'Although' स्वयं विरोध दिखाता है, इसलिए main clause में but न जोड़ें। हिंदी का 'हालाँकि... लेकिन' इस गलती का कारण बनता है।
- Although he was ill, he attended the exam.
although vs even though / though
Even though is stronger. Though means the same as although, and only though can also end a sentence.
'Even though' अधिक ज़ोरदार है। 'Though' का अर्थ 'although' जैसा ही है और केवल 'though' वाक्य के अंत में भी आ सकता है।
- Even though he was late, he was calm.
- The food was cheap. It was good, though.
+Collocations 4
although + subject + be
it was lateshe was youngthey were poorthe task was hard
- Although the task was hard, the team finished it.
although + fact that is surprising
he studied littleit was very hotthe road was closedshe had a fever
- Although she had a fever, she wrote the paper.
clause position
at the start of a sentencein the middle after a commaat the end of a sentence
- The match continued, although the pitch was wet.
although + often seen with
stillneverthelessall the sameeven so
- Although we lost, we played well all the same.
“More examples 5
- Although the village had no electricity, the students studied under a lamp.
यद्यपि गाँव में बिजली नहीं थी, फिर भी विद्यार्थी दीये की रोशनी में पढ़ते रहे।
- I still enjoyed the film, although it was very long.
फ़िल्म बहुत लंबी थी, फिर भी मुझे पसंद आई।
- Although Mumbai is crowded, many people love living there.
यद्यपि मुंबई में भीड़ है, फिर भी बहुत से लोग वहाँ रहना पसंद करते हैं।
- Although she was nervous, Radhika spoke clearly at the interview.
यद्यपि राधिका घबराई हुई थी, फिर भी उसने साक्षात्कार में स्पष्ट बोला।
- The train arrived on time, although the fog was thick.
कोहरा घना था, फिर भी रेलगाड़ी समय पर पहुँची।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ Although he was ill, but he went to school.
✓ Although he was ill, he went to school.
Do not use but with although; one contrast word is enough.
'Although' के साथ 'but' न लगाएं; एक ही विरोध-सूचक शब्द पर्याप्त है।
✗ Although his illness, he passed the test.
✓ Despite his illness, he passed the test.
Although needs a clause with a verb. Before a noun phrase, use despite or in spite of.
'Although' के बाद verb वाला clause आता है। Noun phrase से पहले 'despite' या 'in spite of' आता है।
✗ Despite he was ill, he went to school.
✓ Although he was ill, he went to school.
Despite is followed by a noun or -ing form, not a full clause.
'Despite' के बाद noun या -ing रूप आता है, पूरा clause नहीं।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
Although, though and even though all show contrast; the difference is in strength and position.
'Although', 'though' और 'even though' तीनों विरोध दिखाते हैं; अंतर बल और स्थान का है।
Formal and neutral; starts a clause.
औपचारिक और तटस्थ; clause के आरंभ में आता है।
- Although it was cold, we went out.
Same meaning but lighter; it can also end a sentence.
अर्थ समान पर हल्का; वाक्य के अंत में भी आ सकता है।
- It was cold. We went out, though.
Compares two facts side by side rather than showing surprise.
आश्चर्य नहीं, बल्कि दो तथ्यों की तुलना दिखाता है।
- Ravi likes tea, whereas Radhika likes coffee.
AaSpelling
al·though
?Which word?
Keep the contrast words: although, though, even though, while, whereas, despite, in spite of, nevertheless.
विरोध के शब्द याद रखिए: although, though, even though, while, whereas, despite, in spite of, nevertheless।
§Grammar and usage
Avoid 'although ... but' or 'although ... yet' in one sentence ('Although he was poor, but he was honest' is wrong; say 'Although he was poor, he was honest' or 'He was poor, but he was honest'); although + clause, but despite or in spite of + noun or -ing ('despite the rain', 'in spite of being tired'); though can come at the end of a sentence ('It was hard, though'), but although cannot; even though is stronger than although.
यह बहुत पूछा जाता है: एक वाक्य में 'although ... but' या 'although ... yet' से बचें ('Although he was poor, but he was honest' गलत है; 'Although he was poor, he was honest' या 'He was poor, but he was honest' कहें); although + clause, पर despite या in spite of + noun या -ing ('despite the rain', 'in spite of being tired'); though वाक्य के अंत में आ सकता है ('It was hard, though'), पर although नहीं; even though although से अधिक सशक्त है।