and
/ənd; ænd/conjunction
उच्चारण अन्ड
और, तथा
Basic word
- 1
used to connect words or parts of sentences; used to show that one thing happens after another or is the result of another; used to add numbers; used between repeated words to show that something is repeated or continuing
और, तथा
- Radhika and her brother
- Work hard and you will succeed.
- more and more
+ 3 more examples
- Salt and pepper are on the table.
- He opened the door and walked in.
- The rain grew heavier and heavier.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
A and B + plural verb
When two nouns are joined by and as the subject, the verb is usually plural.
जब दो nouns 'and' से जुड़कर subject बनें, तब verb प्रायः plural होती है।
- Radhika and Meera are in the same class.
- Rice and curry is my favourite meal.
parallel structure: A, B and C (same form)
Items joined by and must be in the same grammatical form, such as all nouns or all -ing words.
'And' से जुड़ी वस्तुएं एक ही grammatical रूप में होनी चाहिए, जैसे सभी nouns या सभी -ing रूप।
- She likes reading, writing and singing.
- He is kind, honest and brave.
both A and B
Both takes and, not as well as. A and B after both must be the same kind of word.
'Both' के साथ and आता है, as well as नहीं। 'Both' के बाद A और B एक ही प्रकार के शब्द होने चाहिए।
- She is both a singer and a writer.
- The film is both funny and sad.
and between numbers / comma before and
In British English, and joins the last two items in a list, usually with no comma before it. Between hundreds and tens, use and: one hundred and ten.
British English में सूची की अंतिम दो वस्तुओं को 'and' जोड़ता है, प्रायः उससे पहले comma के बिना। सैकड़े और दहाई के बीच 'and' आता है: one hundred and ten।
- He bought pens, pencils and notebooks.
- The fee is one hundred and fifty rupees.
+Collocations 4
pairs with and
bread and butterpen and papersalt and pepperday and nightladies and gentlemen
- We worked day and night for the exam.
verb + and + verb
try andcome andgo andwait and see
- Come and see my new books.
adjective + and + adjective
tired and hungryshort and sweetsafe and soundbright and early
- Radhika reached home safe and sound.
and + comparative (growing)
better and bettermore and morelouder and louderslowly and slowly
- The crowd grew louder and louder.
“More examples 5
- Radhika bought a notebook and a pen.
राधिका ने एक कॉपी और एक कलम खरीदी।
- Study hard, and you will succeed.
कड़ी मेहनत से पढ़ो, और तुम सफल हो जाओगे।
- The weather became colder and colder as we climbed higher.
जैसे-जैसे हम ऊपर चढ़ते गए, मौसम और अधिक ठंडा होता गया।
- Please go and tell your mother that dinner is ready.
कृपया जाकर अपनी माँ को बताओ कि खाना तैयार है।
- Seven and five make twelve.
सात और पाँच मिलकर बारह होते हैं।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ Radhika and Meera is my best friends.
✓ Radhika and Meera are my best friends.
A subject made of two names joined by and takes a plural verb.
'And' से जुड़े दो नामों वाले subject के साथ plural verb आती है।
✗ She is both a singer and writes songs.
✓ She is both a singer and a songwriter.
After both and and, use the same kind of word; here, two nouns.
'Both' और 'and' के बाद एक ही प्रकार के शब्द आएं; यहाँ दो nouns।
✗ Both Radhika as well as Meera passed the exam.
✓ Both Radhika and Meera passed the exam.
Both is paired with and, never with as well as.
'Both' के साथ 'and' आता है, 'as well as' कभी नहीं।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
And, as well as and along with join things, but they affect the verb differently.
'And', 'as well as' और 'along with' चीज़ों को जोड़ते हैं, पर verb पर उनका प्रभाव अलग है।
Joins subjects equally; the verb is plural.
Subjects को बराबर जोड़ता है; verb plural होती है।
- Ravi and Radhika are here.
as well as
Adds a second thing, but the verb agrees with the first subject.
दूसरी चीज़ जोड़ता है, पर verb पहले subject के अनुसार होती है।
- Ravi, as well as Radhika, is here.
§Grammar and usage
Grammar, asked very often (subject-verb agreement): two subjects joined by and take a plural verb ('Radhika and Raj are friends'), but when both refer to the same person or idea, the verb is singular ('The teacher and poet is here'; 'Bread and butter is my breakfast'); with each or every before both nouns, the verb is singular ('Every boy and girl was present'); 'between ... and' (not 'between ... to'); 'both ... and' (not 'both ... as well as').
यह बहुत पूछा जाता है (subject-verb agreement): and से जुड़े दो subjects plural verb लेते हैं ('Radhika and Raj are friends'), पर जब दोनों एक ही व्यक्ति या विचार को दर्शाएँ तो verb singular होता है ('The teacher and poet is here'; 'Bread and butter is my breakfast'); दोनों nouns से पहले each या every हो तो verb singular होता है ('Every boy and girl was present'); 'between ... and' ('between ... to' नहीं); 'both ... and' ('both ... as well as' नहीं)।
Punctuation: the Oxford or serial comma before and in a list is optional in British English ('red, white and blue').
विराम-चिह्न में British English में सूची में and से पहले Oxford या serial comma वैकल्पिक है ('red, white and blue')।