bottom-up
/ˌbɒtəm ˈʌp/adjective
उच्चारण बॉटम अप
नीचे से ऊपर की ओर बढ़ने वाला (दृष्टिकोण)
Core word
- 1
starting with the smallest or lowest parts and moving up to the whole or to the higher levels
नीचे से ऊपर की ओर बढ़ने वाला (दृष्टिकोण)
- The village council used a bottom-up approach, listening to families first.
- Learning grammar from small parts to full essays is a bottom-up method.
- The team took a bottom-up approach to solving the problem.
+ 2 more examples
- A bottom-up reform starts with the needs of the classroom.
- Bottom-up planning gives workers a say in decisions.
Opposite top-down
- 1
in a way that starts from the lowest level and moves upward
नीचे से ऊपर की ओर
- The plan was built bottom-up from ideas given by teachers.
- The budget was drawn up bottom-up, department by department.
- Reforms worked better when they were designed bottom-up.
+ 1 more example
- The system was built bottom-up from small, tested parts.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
bottom-up + noun (adjective)
Written with a hyphen before a noun, it describes a plan or method that starts at the lowest level and builds upward.
Noun के पहले hyphen के साथ लिखा जाने वाला यह शब्द ऐसी योजना या विधि बताता है जो सबसे निचले स्तर से शुरू होकर ऊपर बनती है।
- The company prefers a bottom-up approach to planning.
- Bottom-up reforms begin in villages.
work / build bottom-up (adverb)
As an adverb it follows the verb to show the direction of the process.
Adverb के रूप में यह क्रिया के बाद आकर प्रक्रिया की दिशा बताता है।
- The software was designed bottom-up.
bottom-up vs top-down
The word is the opposite of top-down, where orders flow from leaders to workers.
यह top-down का विलोम है, जिसमें आदेश नेतृत्व से कर्मचारियों तक जाते हैं।
- The plan was top-down, not bottom-up.
bottom-up + process / model / reading
In education, bottom-up reading begins with letters and words; in science it begins with small parts.
शिक्षा में bottom-up reading अक्षरों और शब्दों से शुरू होती है; विज्ञान में छोटे हिस्सों से।
- A bottom-up reading method teaches sounds first.
+Collocations 4
bottom-up + noun
approachplanningmodelstrategyprocessreform
- A bottom-up approach helped the village build its own water plan.
verb + bottom-up
builddesignworkanalysegrow
- Engineers analysed the system bottom-up.
adjective + bottom-up
trulystrictlypurelylargely
- The scheme is largely bottom-up, led by local women.
contrast pair
top-downtop-down and bottom-upfrom the bottom upgrassroots
- Good planning mixes top-down goals with bottom-up ideas.
“More examples 5
- A bottom-up approach starts with what villagers actually need.
Bottom-up दृष्टिकोण उसी से शुरू होता है जो ग्रामीणों को वास्तव में चाहिए।
- Radhika learnt coding bottom-up, starting with simple loops.
राधिका ने coding बिलकुल शुरुआत से सीखी, सरल loops से।
- The budget was set bottom-up from each department's needs.
बजट हर विभाग की ज़रूरतों के आधार पर निचले स्तर से तय किया गया।
- Change is often bottom-up, driven by ordinary citizens.
परिवर्तन प्रायः नीचे से आता है, जिसे आम नागरिक प्रेरित करते हैं।
- Critics call the scheme top-down because nobody asked farmers.
आलोचक इस योजना को top-down कहते हैं क्योंकि किसानों से किसी ने नहीं पूछा।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ We follow a bottom up approach.
✓ We follow a bottom-up approach.
A compound adjective before a noun is hyphenated.
Noun के पहले आने वाला compound adjective hyphen के साथ लिखा जाता है।
✗ The plan is made by bottom-up.
✓ The plan is made bottom-up.
Bottom-up is an adverb here; do not add 'by'.
यहाँ bottom-up adverb है; 'by' न जोड़ें।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
Bottom-up and top-down are opposites; grassroots overlaps with bottom-up.
Bottom-up और top-down विपरीतार्थक हैं; grassroots, bottom-up से मिलता-जुलता है।
Starts from the smallest parts or the lowest level.
सबसे छोटे हिस्सों या निचले स्तर से शुरू।
- A bottom-up plan.
Starts from the leaders or the whole and moves down.
नेतृत्व या पूरे ढाँचे से शुरू होकर नीचे आता है।
- A top-down order.
Led by ordinary people at local level.
स्थानीय स्तर के आम लोगों द्वारा संचालित।
- A grassroots movement.
≈Synonyms and antonyms
Antonyms