each
/iːtʃ/determiner, pronoun
उच्चारण ईच
प्रत्येक, हर एक
Basic word
- 1
used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separately
प्रत्येक, हर एक
- Each student got a book.
- They cost 50 rupees each.
- Each of the players received a medal.
+ 2 more examples
- We were given two pencils each.
- Each house in the street has a small garden.
Synonyms every every single individual apiece per
§Structures (grammar patterns) 5
each + singular noun + singular verb
As a determiner, each is followed by a singular countable noun and a singular verb: each student has a book.
Determiner के रूप में 'each' के बाद singular countable noun और singular verb आते हैं: each student has a book।
- Each candidate has a separate desk.
- Each of the rooms was painted a different colour.
each of + the/these/my + plural noun (+ singular verb)
After each of, the noun is plural and the formal verb is singular. In informal speech a plural verb is sometimes heard, but singular is safer in exams.
'Each of' के बाद noun बहुवचन और औपचारिक verb एकवचन होता है। बोलचाल में कभी-कभी plural verb सुनाई देता है, पर परीक्षा में singular सुरक्षित है।
- Each of the girls has finished her work.
- Each of them knows the answer.
each as a pronoun: each / each other
Each can stand alone as a pronoun. Each other is a reciprocal pronoun for two or more people doing the same thing to one another.
'Each' pronoun के रूप में अकेला भी आ सकता है। 'Each other' परस्पर क्रिया बताता है, जब दो या अधिक लोग एक-दूसरे के साथ वही करते हैं।
- The prizes were three thousand rupees each.
- The twins help each other.
each as an adverb: £5 each / at five rupees each
Placed after a number or price, each means per item or per person.
संख्या या कीमत के बाद 'each' का अर्थ प्रति वस्तु या प्रति व्यक्ति होता है।
- The pens cost ten rupees each.
each vs every
Each looks at members of a group one by one; every looks at the group as a whole. Each can be used for two or more; every for three or more.
'Each' समूह के सदस्यों को एक-एक करके देखता है; 'every' पूरे समूह को। Each दो या अधिक के लिए हो सकता है; every तीन या अधिक के लिए।
- Each of the two runners got a medal.
- Every student in the school took part.
+Collocations 4
each + noun
each dayeach timeeach membereach sideeach year
- Each time I see her, she is reading.
each of + pronoun
each of useach of youeach of themeach of the students
- Each of us must bring a notebook.
each + adverb phrase
each and everyeach oneone eachtwo each
- Each and every member agreed to the plan.
verb + each other
helprespecttalk tolook atmeet
- Students should respect each other's views.
“More examples 5
- Each of the three paragraphs makes a different point.
तीनों अनुच्छेदों में से प्रत्येक एक अलग बात कहता है।
- Radhika gave each child a notebook and a pencil.
राधिका ने हर बच्चे को एक कॉपी और एक पेंसिल दी।
- The two sisters write to each other every week.
दोनों बहनें हर सप्ताह एक-दूसरे को पत्र लिखती हैं।
- Each year, thousands of students apply for the entrance test.
हर वर्ष हज़ारों विद्यार्थी प्रवेश परीक्षा के लिए आवेदन करते हैं।
- The tickets cost five hundred rupees each.
टिकटों की कीमत पाँच सौ रुपये प्रति टिकट है।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ Each of the boys have finished the race.
✓ Each of the boys has finished the race.
Each takes a singular verb even after of + plural noun.
'Each' के साथ, 'of + plural noun' के बाद भी, singular verb आता है।
✗ Each students have a locker.
✓ Each student has a locker.
Each is followed by a singular noun and a singular verb.
'Each' के बाद singular noun और singular verb आता है।
✗ The two friends helped to each other.
✓ The two friends helped each other.
Each other is an object pronoun and takes no preposition after help.
'Each other' object pronoun है और help के बाद preposition नहीं लगता।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
Each, every and all all refer to members of a group, but they differ in how they view the group.
Each, every और all समूह के सदस्यों की बात करते हैं, पर समूह को देखने का तरीका अलग है।
Looks at the members one at a time; used for two or more.
सदस्यों को एक-एक करके देखता है; दो या अधिक के लिए।
- Each child received a gift.
Looks at the whole group together; used for three or more.
पूरे समूह को एक साथ देखता है; तीन या अधिक के लिए।
- Every child received a gift.
Takes the group as a whole and uses a plural noun and plural verb.
समूह को पूर्ण रूप में लेता है और plural noun तथा plural verb के साथ आता है।
- All the children received gifts.
?Which word?
Keep apart each (two or more, individually) and every (three or more, as a group).
Each (दो या अधिक, अलग-अलग) और every (तीन या अधिक, समूह के रूप में) को अलग रखिए।
§Grammar and usage
Each + singular noun + singular verb ('Each boy has a pen'); each of + plural noun + singular verb ('Each of the boys has a pen', not 'have'); but subject + each + plural verb when each comes after a plural subject ('The boys each have a pen'); each other (for two people: 'Radhika and her sister help each other') and one another (for more than two, in formal English; now often used interchangeably).
यह बहुत पूछा जाता है: each + singular noun + singular verb ('Each boy has a pen'); each of + plural noun + singular verb ('Each of the boys has a pen', 'have' नहीं); पर plural subject के बाद each आने पर plural verb ('The boys each have a pen'); each other (दो लोगों के लिए: 'Radhika and her sister help each other') और one another (औपचारिक English में दो से अधिक के लिए; अब प्रायः एक-दूसरे के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त)।
Tautology trap: 'each and every' is common in speech but is wordy in formal writing.
Tautology trap: 'each and every' बोलचाल में आम है पर औपचारिक लेखन में शब्दबहुल है।