much
/mʌtʃ/determiner, pronoun
उच्चारण मच
बहुत (मात्रा)
Basic word
- 1
used with uncountable nouns, especially in negative sentences or in questions or after as, so and too, to mean 'a large amount of something'
बहुत (मात्रा)
- I don't have much time.
- How much money?
- There isn't much milk left in the fridge.
+ 5 more examples
- How much does this notebook cost?
- He has too much work to finish today.
- We didn't spend much on the trip.
- I have as much patience as you do.
- Much of the town was flooded.
Synonyms a lot of a great deal of plenty of considerable
Opposite little not much
- 1
§Structures (grammar patterns) 5
much + uncountable noun
Much is used before uncountable nouns, mainly in questions and negative sentences. In positive sentences we usually prefer a lot of.
Much का प्रयोग uncountable nouns से पहले होता है, मुख्यतः प्रश्न और नकारात्मक वाक्यों में। सकारात्मक वाक्यों में प्रायः 'a lot of' पसंद किया जाता है।
- We do not have much time before the train leaves.
- Is there much traffic on the highway today?
how much / too much / so much / as much
Much combines with how, too, so and as to ask about or describe quantity, and these combinations are also used in positive sentences.
Much, how, too, so और as के साथ मिलकर मात्रा पूछता या बताता है, और ये संयोजन सकारात्मक वाक्यों में भी प्रयुक्त होते हैं।
- How much does this notebook cost?
- Radhika ate too much and felt sleepy.
much + comparative or past participle (adverb)
As an adverb, much strengthens comparatives and some participles: much better, much improved. It is not used with the positive form of an adjective.
क्रियाविशेषण के रूप में much, comparative और कुछ participles को बल देता है: much better, much improved। Adjective के साधारण रूप के साथ much नहीं आता।
- Her handwriting is much better than last year.
- The new bus service is much appreciated by commuters.
much of + noun / pronoun
Much of is followed by a determiner and an uncountable noun, or by a pronoun, to mean a large part of something.
'Much of' के बाद determiner के साथ uncountable noun या pronoun आता है और इसका अर्थ किसी चीज़ का बड़ा भाग होता है।
- Much of the syllabus was covered in July.
- Much of what he said was not true.
very much / thank you very much
Very much, not very alone, is used to modify verbs such as like, enjoy, thank and appreciate.
Like, enjoy, thank और appreciate जैसी क्रियाओं के लिए अकेले 'very' नहीं, बल्कि 'very much' प्रयुक्त होता है।
- I very much enjoyed your lecture on the Constitution.
- Thank you very much for the lovely gift.
+Collocations 4
much + noun
much timemuch moneymuch troublemuch differencemuch interest
- It does not make much difference which route you take.
adverb + much
very muchso muchtoo muchpretty muchnot much
- The audience liked the film very much.
much + comparative
much bettermuch largermuch easiermuch lessmuch more
- Solving questions with a timer is much harder than solving them at leisure.
fixed phrases
as much asso much formuch the samenot much of amuch to my surprise
- Much to my surprise, the result was declared a day early.
“More examples 5
- There is not much milk left, so I will buy some on my way home.
दूध ज़्यादा नहीं बचा है, इसलिए मैं घर लौटते समय थोड़ा ले आऊँगा।
- She does not talk much in class, but her answers are always sharp.
वह कक्षा में ज़्यादा बोलती नहीं है, पर उसके उत्तर हमेशा सटीक होते हैं।
- Thanks very much for lending me your notes before the exam.
परीक्षा से पहले अपने नोट्स देने के लिए बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद।
- The two brothers look much alike, though one is a year older.
दोनों भाई काफ़ी हद तक एक जैसे दिखते हैं, हालाँकि एक साल बड़ा है।
- So much for all our planning; the match was washed out by rain.
हमारी सारी योजना का यही अंजाम हुआ; बारिश ने मैच धो डाला।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ How much books have you read this year?
✓ How many books have you read this year?
Books are countable, so use how many; much goes with uncountable nouns.
Books गणनीय (countable) हैं, इसलिए 'how many' आएगा; much uncountable nouns के साथ आता है।
✗ I like cricket very.
✓ I like cricket very much.
A verb like like needs very much, not very alone.
'Like' जैसी क्रिया के साथ 'very much' आता है, अकेला 'very' नहीं।
✗ He is much tall for his age.
✓ He is very tall for his age.
Much does not modify a plain adjective; use very, or use much with a comparative.
Much सामान्य adjective को modify नहीं करता; 'very' लगाएँ, या much के साथ comparative प्रयोग करें।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
These words all express a large amount, but they differ in the nouns they take and the type of sentence they suit.
ये सभी शब्द अधिक मात्रा बताते हैं, पर जिन संज्ञाओं के साथ आते हैं और जिन वाक्यों में फबते हैं, उनमें अंतर है।
Used with uncountable nouns, mostly in questions and negatives.
Uncountable nouns के साथ, मुख्यतः प्रश्न और नकारात्मक वाक्यों में।
- We haven't got much rice at home.
The countable equivalent of much, used with plural nouns.
Much का countable रूप, बहुवचन संज्ञाओं के साथ।
- Many students applied for the scholarship.
Means more than enough and is common in positive sentences.
आवश्यकता से अधिक के अर्थ में; सकारात्मक वाक्यों में आम।
- There is plenty of food for everyone.
≈Synonyms and antonyms
Synonyms
a lot of a great deal of plenty of considerable greatly considerably a lot far often
Antonyms
§Grammar and usage
Much + uncountable noun ('much water', 'much time'); many + plural countable noun; much is used with comparatives ('much better', 'much taller'), and very with positive adjectives ('very good', not 'much good'); much too + adjective ('much too expensive'); too much + uncountable noun ('too much sugar').
यह बहुत पूछा जाता है: much + uncountable noun ('much water', 'much time'); many + plural countable noun; much comparatives के साथ प्रयुक्त होता है ('much better', 'much taller'), और very positive adjectives के साथ ('very good', 'much good' नहीं); much too + adjective ('much too expensive'); too much + uncountable noun ('too much sugar')।
Comparison: much, more, most.
तुलना: much, more, most।
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
Much ado about nothing (a lot of fuss about something unimportant; Shakespeare's play), not much of a (not a good: 'not much of a cook'), so much the better (even better), much as (although: 'Much as I like him, I can't agree'), as much as (the same amount).
Idioms: much ado about nothing (महत्वहीन बात पर बहुत हंगामा, खोदा पहाड़ निकली चुहिया; Shakespeare का नाटक), not much of a (अच्छा नहीं: 'not much of a cook'), so much the better (और भी अच्छा), much as (यद्यपि: 'Much as I like him, I can't agree'), as much as (उतनी ही मात्रा)।