mud
/mʌd/noun
उच्चारण मड
कीचड़, गारा
Basic wordPYP · asked 3 times
Asked in previous papers
as idiom, synonym
- 1
[U]
wet earth that is soft and sticky
कीचड़, गारा
- The road was full of mud after the rain.
- His shoes were covered in mud after he walked through the paddy field.
- Mud splashed up my trousers as the bus drove past.
+ 2 more examples
- The children made little bricks out of mud and left them to dry in the sun.
- Our boots were thick with mud after the trek.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
mud (uncountable noun)
Mud is wet, soft earth; it is uncountable, so it has no plural and no a before it.
'Mud' गीली, नरम मिट्टी है; यह uncountable है, इसलिए इसका plural नहीं होता और इससे पहले 'a' नहीं लगता।
- The children played in the mud.
- There was mud all over the road after the rain.
covered in / with mud
Use in or with to show what covers something: covered in mud, spattered with mud.
किसी वस्तु को क्या ढके है, यह बताने के लिए 'in' या 'with' आता है: covered in mud, spattered with mud।
- His shoes were covered in mud.
- The jeep was spattered with mud.
mud (as a building material)
In villages, mud is mixed with straw to build walls; a mud house is a common phrase.
गाँवों में दीवारें बनाने के लिए mud को भूसे के साथ मिलाया जाता है; 'mud house' आम वाक्यांश है।
- Their house is made of mud and straw.
mud idioms and verbs
Sling mud at sb means to say bad things about them; muddy is the adjective and the verb meaning to make dirty.
'Sling mud at sb' का अर्थ किसी के बारे में बुरी बातें कहना है; 'muddy' विशेषण भी है और 'गंदा करना' क्रिया भी।
- The two leaders slung mud at each other before the election.
- The boys muddied the clean floor.
+Collocations 4
adjective + mud
thickwetstickyredblackslippery
- The thick mud slowed the bullock cart.
verb + mud
slip instick inwade throughscrape offwash offfling
- She washed the mud off her boots.
mud + noun
hutbathwallpackbrickpuddle
- The mud wall kept the house cool in summer.
preposition + mud
in the mudthrough the mudwith mudof mudinto the mud
- The buffalo rolled in the mud.
“More examples 5
- The monsoon turned the village road into mud.
मानसून ने गाँव की सड़क को कीचड़ में बदल दिया।
- Potters shape clay and mud into pots.
कुम्हार चिकनी मिट्टी और गारे से बर्तन बनाते हैं।
- Radhika's school bag fell in the mud.
राधिका का स्कूल बैग कीचड़ में गिर गया।
- The old house had mud floors and a thatched roof.
पुराने घर में मिट्टी के फर्श और फूस की छत थी।
- Do not sling mud at your opponents.
अपने विरोधियों पर कीचड़ मत उछालिए।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ There are many muds on the road.
✓ There is a lot of mud on the road.
Mud is uncountable, so no plural.
'Mud' uncountable है, इसलिए इसका plural नहीं होता।
✗ A mud has covered my shoes.
✓ Mud has covered my shoes.
Do not put a before an uncountable noun.
Uncountable संज्ञा से पहले 'a' न लगाएँ।
✗ The road is full with mud.
✓ The road is full of mud.
Full is followed by of.
'Full' के बाद 'of' आता है।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
These nouns are all kinds of wet or dirty ground, but differ in material.
ये संज्ञाएँ गीली या गंदी ज़मीन के प्रकार हैं, पर पदार्थ में भिन्न हैं।
A heavy earth used to make pots and bricks.
बर्तन और ईंट बनाने की भारी मिट्टी।
- The potter used clay.
Deep, wet, sticky mud or a bad situation.
गहरा, गीला, चिपचिपा कीचड़ या बुरी स्थिति।
- The cart sank in the mire.
¶Idioms 4
clear as mud
not clear at all; difficult to understand
बिलकुल अस्पष्ट
- His explanation was as clear as mud.
sling/throw mud at sb
to say bad and unfair things about somebody to damage their reputation
कीचड़ उछालना
- Politicians often throw mud at each other.
a stick-in-the-mud
a person who refuses to try anything new or exciting (informal, disapproving)
(ऐसा व्यक्ति) जो कुछ भी नया करने से कतराए; दकियानूसी
- Don't be such a stick-in-the-mud; come dancing with us.
- My uncle is a real stick-in-the-mud.
your name is mud
used to say that people are angry with you because of sth you have done (informal)
(किसी काम की वजह से) सब तुमसे नाराज़ हैं; तुम्हारी साख मिट्टी में मिल गई
- If we lose the match because of you, your name will be mud.
- After the scandal, his name was mud in the town.
◇Word family
§Grammar and usage
The adjective muddy ('muddy water').
Usage: Noun mud (कीचड़) से adjective muddy बनता है, जैसे 'muddy water' (कीचड़ वाला पानी)।
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
Sling or throw mud at sb (try to damage somebody's reputation), as clear as mud (not clear at all), stick in the mud (a person who does not like change), drag sb's name through the mud (damage somebody's reputation publicly).
Idioms बहुत पूछे जाते हैं: sling या throw mud at sb (किसी की प्रतिष्ठा बिगाड़ने का प्रयास, कीचड़ उछालना), as clear as mud (बिलकुल अस्पष्ट), stick in the mud (बदलाव पसंद न करने वाला), drag sb's name through the mud (सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रतिष्ठा बिगाड़ना)।
'The lotus blooms in the mud' (good can come from bad surroundings).
उक्ति 'कमल कीचड़ में खिलता है' (बुरे वातावरण में भी अच्छाई जन्म ले सकती है)।
✓In the exam
One-word substitution
Political attacks with false charges are mudslinging.
झूठे आरोपों से राजनीतिक हमले mudslinging।