borrowing
/ˈbɒrəʊɪŋ/noun
उच्चारण बॉरोइंग
उधार, ऋण, कर्ज़ लेना
Core word
- 1
[U, C] finance
the money that a company, an organization or a government borrows; the act of borrowing money
उधार, ऋण, कर्ज़ लेना
- The government has reduced public borrowing this year.
- Bank borrowings have risen sharply.
- Heavy borrowing by the firm left it deep in debt.
+ 2 more examples
- The council's borrowing is limited by law.
- Student borrowing for higher education has grown.
Opposite lending
- 2
[C]
a word, a phrase or an idea that somebody has taken from another language or from another person's work
(दूसरी भाषा से लिया गया) शब्द, आगत शब्द
- 'Bungalow' and 'pyjamas' are borrowings into English from Indian languages.
- 'Shampoo' is a borrowing from Hindi in English.
- The word jungle is a borrowing from Hindi that is now common in English.
+ 2 more examples
- English has many borrowings from French, such as 'menu'.
- The word tsunami is a Japanese borrowing.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 5
borrowing (uncountable) = taking a loan
In finance borrowing is uncountable: money that a person, company or government takes as a loan.
वित्त में borrowing uncountable है: वह धन जो कोई व्यक्ति, कंपनी या सरकार ऋण के रूप में लेती है।
- Government borrowing rose sharply last year.
- High borrowing makes interest payments heavy.
a borrowing (countable) = loanword
In language, a borrowing is a word taken from another language, such as 'jungle' from Hindi.
भाषा में borrowing दूसरी भाषा से लिया गया शब्द है, जैसे Hindi से 'jungle'।
- 'Pyjamas' is a borrowing from Hindi and Urdu.
- English contains thousands of borrowings.
borrowing from sb/sth
Use 'from' to name the source of money, a word or an idea.
धन, शब्द या विचार के स्रोत के लिए 'from' आता है।
- Her style shows borrowing from folk art.
borrowing + noun
As a modifier: borrowing costs, borrowing limit, borrowing rate.
Modifier के रूप में: borrowing costs, borrowing limit, borrowing rate।
- The bank raised its borrowing rate.
borrowing + of + noun
'Borrowing of' names what is taken: borrowing of money, borrowing of ideas.
'Borrowing of' बताता है कि क्या लिया गया: borrowing of money, borrowing of ideas।
- The borrowing of Persian words enriched Hindi.
+Collocations 5
adjective + borrowing
heavyexcessivepublicshort-termforeign
- Excessive borrowing can push a country into a debt trap.
verb + borrowing
increasereducelimitcontrolfinance by
- The government plans to reduce its borrowing next year.
borrowing + noun
costsratelimitplanrequirement
- Higher borrowing costs hurt small businesses.
linguistic borrowing
loanwordfrom Persianfrom Arabicfrom Portuguese
- 'Almirah' is a borrowing from Portuguese.
borrowing + from
banksabroadthe marketfriendsother languages
- Rising borrowing from abroad worried the economists.
“More examples 7
- Households have reduced their borrowing since the festival season.
त्योहारी मौसम के बाद से परिवारों ने अपना उधार कम कर लिया है।
- Hindi words like 'bungalow' are old borrowings in English.
'Bungalow' जैसे हिंदी शब्द अंग्रेज़ी में पुराने उधार लिए शब्द हैं।
- Radhika's essay showed borrowing of ideas from earlier writers.
राधिका के निबंध में पहले के लेखकों से विचार उधार लेने की झलक थी।
- The company's borrowing doubled in two years.
कंपनी का उधार दो वर्षों में दोगुना हो गया।
- Library borrowing is free for all registered students.
पंजीकृत सभी विद्यार्थियों के लिए पुस्तकालय से किताबें लेना निःशुल्क है।
- Too much borrowing for daily needs can lead to debt.
रोज़मर्रा की ज़रूरतों के लिए बहुत अधिक उधार लेना कर्ज़ का कारण बन सकता है।
- The teacher explained that 'tiffin' is a borrowing from British Indian speech.
शिक्षक ने समझाया कि 'tiffin' ब्रिटिश कालीन भारतीय बोलचाल से आया शब्द है।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ The government's borrowings is high.
✓ The government's borrowing is high.
In the finance sense it is uncountable and takes a singular verb.
वित्त के अर्थ में यह uncountable है और singular verb लेता है।
✗ Borrowing money from bank is easy.
✓ Borrowing money from a bank is easy.
A singular countable noun needs an article.
Singular countable noun के पहले article लगता है।
?Which word?
Do not confuse borrow (to take something from somebody) and lend (to give something to somebody), so we say 'borrow from' and 'lend to'.
Borrow (किसी से कुछ लेना) और lend (किसी को कुछ देना) में भ्रम न करें, इसलिए 'borrow from' और 'lend to' सही प्रयोग हैं।