civilization
/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/noun
उच्चारण सिवलाइज़ेशन
सभ्यता
Core word
- 1
[U, C]
a state of human society that is very developed and organized; a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world
सभ्यता
- the Indus Valley Civilization
- Mohenjo-daro was a major city of a very ancient civilization.
- Ancient civilization along the Nile depended on its yearly floods.
+ 2 more examples
- Writing was one of the greatest achievements of early civilization.
- Some historians say that modern civilization depends too much on fossil fuels.
Synonyms culture society development progress enlightenment
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
civilization (countable): a particular society
Countable when it names a particular culture of the past or present, such as the Indus Valley Civilization.
जब यह अतीत या वर्तमान की किसी विशेष संस्कृति का नाम हो, जैसे सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता, तब यह countable होता है।
- The Harappan civilization flourished along the Indus.
- Ancient civilizations grew near rivers.
civilization (uncountable): human progress
Uncountable when it means the advanced stage of human society in general.
जब इसका अर्थ मानव समाज की उन्नत अवस्था हो, तब यह uncountable होता है।
- Writing was a great step forward for civilization.
- Some people say civilization depends on law and education.
the civilization of + place / people
Use of to link the civilization with its people or region.
सभ्यता को उसके लोगों या क्षेत्र से जोड़ने के लिए 'of' आता है।
- The civilization of Mesopotamia gave the world the wheel.
cradle / rise / fall + of civilization
These fixed noun phrases describe the beginning, growth and end of a civilization.
ये fixed noun phrases किसी सभ्यता के आरंभ, उत्थान और पतन का वर्णन करते हैं।
- Egypt is called the cradle of civilization.
- Historians study the fall of the Roman civilization.
+Collocations 4
adjective + civilization
ancientmodernadvancedlostriver-valleyWestern
- Mohenjo-daro belonged to an advanced ancient civilization.
verb + civilization
builddestroythreatenstudyinheritspread
- Floods and drought may have destroyed the civilization.
civilization + verb
flourishcollapsedeclineemergedevelop
- The Gupta civilization flourished in art and science.
noun + of civilization
cradledawnrisecollapseheritage
- The dawn of civilization began with farming.
“More examples 5
- The Indus Valley civilization is known for its planned cities.
सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता अपने नियोजित नगरों के लिए जानी जाती है।
- Radhika wrote an essay on how rivers shaped early civilizations.
राधिका ने इस विषय पर निबंध लिखा कि नदियों ने आरंभिक सभ्यताओं को कैसे आकार दिया।
- Many believe that books are the memory of civilization.
कई लोग मानते हैं कि पुस्तकें सभ्यता की स्मृति हैं।
- Pollution may become a threat to modern civilization.
प्रदूषण आधुनिक सभ्यता के लिए ख़तरा बन सकता है।
- The museum displays tools from a civilization that vanished 4,000 years ago.
संग्रहालय में उस सभ्यता के औज़ार रखे हैं जो 4,000 वर्ष पहले लुप्त हो गई।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ Many civilization developed near rivers.
✓ Many civilizations developed near rivers.
Many is followed by a plural noun.
'Many' के बाद plural noun आता है।
✗ The Harappan civilization were advanced.
✓ The Harappan civilization was advanced.
A singular subject takes a singular verb.
Singular subject के साथ singular verb आती है।
◇Word family
≈Synonyms and antonyms
Synonyms
✓In the exam
General knowledge
The Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilization flourished around 2500 BCE; its major sites include Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi.
सिंधु घाटी (हड़प्पा) सभ्यता लगभग 2500 ईसा पूर्व फली-फूली; इसके प्रमुख स्थलों में हड़प्पा, मोहनजोदड़ो, लोथल, कालीबंगा, धोलावीरा और राखीगढ़ी शामिल हैं।