given
/ˈɡɪvn/preposition
उच्चारण गिवन
को ध्यान में रखते हुए, को देखते हुए
Core word
- 1
when you consider something; taking something into account
को ध्यान में रखते हुए, को देखते हुए
- Given her age, she did remarkably well.
- Given the heavy rain, the match was put off.
- Given the traffic, we should leave an hour early.
+ 2 more examples
- Given his experience, he is the right person for the post.
- She did well, given how little time she had.
Synonyms considering in view of bearing in mind
- 1
~ (that)…
taking into account the fact that
यह देखते हुए कि, चूँकि
- Given that he had no experience, he did a good job.
- Radhika's result is excellent, given that she studied for only six months.
- Given that the road is closed, we must take another route.
+ 2 more examples
- Given that Radhika knew the answer, why did she stay silent?
- The team did well, given that two players were injured.
Synonyms considering that since seeing that
- 1
[usually before noun]
already arranged or stated; particular
निश्चित, नियत, दिया हुआ
- The work must be finished within the given time.
- At any given moment, thousands of people are using the internet.
- Each candidate has a given number of minutes to speak.
+ 2 more examples
- At a given time, the signal turns green.
- Students must complete the essay on the given topic.
Synonyms specified fixed set particular stated
- 2
[not before noun] ~ to sth / to doing sth formal
having a tendency to do something
का आदी, (किसी चीज़ की) प्रवृत्ति वाला
- He is given to losing his temper.
- She was not given to boasting.
- He is given to long silences when he is worried.
+ 2 more examples
- Some people are given to exaggerating small problems.
- My uncle is given to telling the same story again and again.
- 1
[C]
something that is accepted as true, for example when you are discussing something or planning
स्वीकृत तथ्य, मानी हुई बात
- You can take it as a given that prices will rise.
- Hard work is a given for anyone who wants to succeed.
- It is a given that the match will start late if it rains.
+ 2 more examples
- Honesty is a given in this job.
- The team took the victory as a given and stopped practising.
Synonyms fact certainty assumption
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
given + noun / given + that-clause
As a preposition or conjunction, given means taking something into account; it introduces a fact that affects the judgment.
Preposition या conjunction के रूप में 'given' का अर्थ किसी बात को ध्यान में रखते हुए है; यह उस तथ्य को लाता है जो निर्णय को प्रभावित करता है।
- Given the heavy traffic, we should leave early.
- Given that the exam is tomorrow, Radhika studied late.
a given (time/place/amount)
As an adjective, given means already fixed or particular, and it is used before a noun.
Adjective के रूप में 'given' का अर्थ पहले से तय या विशिष्ट है, और यह noun से पहले आता है।
- Students must reach the hall at the given time.
- In any given year, about a thousand candidates fail.
be given to + noun/-ing
Be given to means to have a habit or tendency; to is a preposition here, so a gerund follows.
'Be given to' का अर्थ किसी आदत या झुकाव का होना है; यहाँ to preposition है, इसलिए gerund आता है।
- He is given to exaggerating.
- She is given to long silences.
take sth as a given
As a noun, a given is something accepted as true without proof.
Noun के रूप में 'a given' वह बात है जिसे बिना प्रमाण सत्य मान लिया जाए।
- It is a given that every candidate needs the admit card.
+Collocations 4
given + noun
the circumstancesthe situationthe factthe costthe weather
- Given the circumstances, the result is not surprising.
given + that
given thatgiven howgiven whatgiven who
- Given how hard she worked, her success is no surprise.
adjective + given
well-knowntaken fornoany
- At any given moment, thousands of trains are running.
noun + given
nametimetasknumberday
- The given task must be finished within one hour.
“More examples 5
- Given her experience, Radhika is the right person to lead the team.
उसके अनुभव को देखते हुए राधिका टीम का नेतृत्व करने के लिए सही व्यक्ति है।
- Choose any given number between one and ten.
एक से दस के बीच कोई भी दी गई संख्या चुनिए।
- He is given to losing his temper over small things.
वह छोटी-छोटी बातों पर आपा खो बैठने का आदी है।
- Given that the roads were closed, the buses were cancelled.
चूँकि सड़कें बंद थीं, बसें रद्द कर दी गईं।
- In a given period, only one answer can be correct.
किसी दी गई अवधि में केवल एक उत्तर सही हो सकता है।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ Given to the heavy rain, the match was cancelled.
✓ Given the heavy rain, the match was cancelled.
Given meaning 'taking into account' is followed directly by a noun, with no to.
'Taking into account' के अर्थ में 'given' के तुरंत बाद noun आता है, to नहीं।
✗ He is given to read late at night.
✓ He is given to reading late at night.
To is a preposition after given, so use a gerund, not a bare infinitive.
'Given' के बाद to preposition है, इसलिए gerund लगाएँ, infinitive नहीं।
◇Word family
≈Synonyms and antonyms
Synonyms
considering in view of bearing in mind considering that since seeing that specified fixed set particular stated inclined prone liable apt fact certainty assumption
§Grammar and usage
Given is also the past participle of give (give, gave, given), so 'He has gave me a book' is wrong and 'He has given me a book' is correct.
Given, give का past participle भी है (give, gave, given), इसलिए 'He has gave me a book' गलत है और 'He has given me a book' सही है।
Usage: given that is followed by a full clause, while given alone is followed by a noun, as in 'given the rain' or 'given that it was raining'.
Usage में given that के बाद पूरा clause आता है, जबकि केवल given के बाद noun आता है, जैसे 'given the rain' या 'given that it was raining'।