harden
/ˈhɑːdn/verb
उच्चारण हार्डन
कठोर होना या करना, सख्त होना
Core wordPYP · asked 2 times
Asked in previous papers
as antonym
- 1
[I, T] ~ (sth)
to become or make something become firm, stiff or solid
कठोर होना या करना, सख्त होना
- The cement hardens in a few hours.
- The clay hardens quickly in the sun and becomes ready for painting.
- Leave the paint to harden overnight.
+ 2 more examples
- The wax hardens as it cools.
- Cold weather hardens the soil, making digging hard.
- 2
[I, T] ~ (sb/sth) (to/against sth)
to become or make somebody less kind or less affected by a difficult situation
कठोर-हृदय बनाना, संवेदनहीन होना
- Years of poverty had hardened him.
- Years in the army hardened her, and she rarely showed fear.
- Constant failure hardened his heart.
+ 2 more examples
- Life in the city had hardened her to the noise.
- The tough training hardened the young soldiers.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 5
harden (intransitive): sth hardens
Use harden without an object when something becomes firm or solid by itself.
जब कोई वस्तु अपने आप कठोर या ठोस हो जाए, तब 'harden' बिना object के प्रयोग होता है।
- The cement hardens in about two days.
- The mud hardened in the summer sun.
harden (transitive): harden sth
Use an object when someone or something makes a thing firm, strong or less flexible.
जब कोई व्यक्ति या वस्तु किसी चीज़ को कठोर, मज़बूत या कम लचीला बनाए, तब object के साथ प्रयोग होता है।
- Heat hardens clay into pots.
- The new law hardened the punishment for cheating.
harden sb to sth
Harden sb to sth means to make a person able to bear difficulty without feeling much.
'Harden sb to sth' का अर्थ किसी व्यक्ति को कठिनाई सहने योग्य बनाना है, ताकि उसे अधिक कष्ट न हो।
- Years of poverty had hardened him to hardship.
- Army training hardens recruits to cold and fatigue.
harden your heart / attitude / stance
With these nouns, harden means to become stricter or less sympathetic.
इन संज्ञाओं के साथ 'harden' का अर्थ अधिक कठोर या कम सहानुभूतिपूर्ण हो जाना है।
- The manager hardened his attitude after the strike.
- She hardened her heart and refused the request.
be hardened (participle adjective)
Hardened before a noun describes someone made tough by long experience, usually of something bad.
संज्ञा से पहले 'hardened' उस व्यक्ति को बताता है जो लंबे अनुभव से कठोर हो गया हो, प्रायः बुरी चीज़ों के।
- The police caught a hardened criminal.
- He is a hardened traveller who sleeps anywhere.
+Collocations 5
harden + noun
steelclaycementarteriesattitudes
- Cold water hardens the metal quickly.
adverb + harden
quicklygraduallyslowlycompletelyvisibly
- The lava gradually hardened into black rock.
harden + prepositional phrase
into stoneto hardshipagainst criticismover timein the sun
- Continuous criticism hardened her against failure.
hardened + noun
criminalsoldiersmokercynictraveller
- The judge showed no mercy to the hardened offender.
harden + abstract noun
resolveopinionstancepositionheart
- The delay only hardened the villagers' resolve to protest.
“More examples 5
- Leave the paste to harden overnight before painting.
रंगने से पहले लेप को रात भर सख़्त होने के लिए छोड़ दें।
- The protests hardened the government's position on the bill.
विरोध-प्रदर्शनों ने विधेयक पर सरकार का रुख़ और कठोर कर दिया।
- Constant failures can harden a person's heart.
लगातार असफलताएँ व्यक्ति का हृदय कठोर कर सकती हैं।
- The first frost hardened the soil in the fields.
पहले पाले ने खेतों की मिट्टी को कठोर कर दिया।
- After years in the police, she was hardened to the sight of suffering.
पुलिस में वर्षों काम करने के बाद वह दुख के दृश्यों की आदी और कठोर हो चुकी थी।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ The glue will harden fastly.
✓ The glue will harden fast.
Fast is both an adjective and an adverb; fastly is not a word.
'Fast' adjective और adverb दोनों है; 'fastly' नामक कोई शब्द नहीं है।
✗ The clay is hardening to the sun.
✓ The clay is hardening in the sun.
Use in for sun or heat as the surrounding condition.
धूप या गर्मी जैसी परिस्थिति के लिए 'in' का प्रयोग होता है।
✗ The long war made the soldiers harden to violence.
✓ The long war hardened the soldiers to violence.
Harden is transitive here; the cause takes it as the verb and the people are its object.
यहाँ 'harden' सकर्मक है; कारण verb के रूप में आता है और व्यक्ति उसके object होते हैं।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
All three make or become firm, but they differ in what they describe.
तीनों का अर्थ दृढ़ बनना या बनाना है, पर ये अलग-अलग बातें बताते हैं।
To become physically hard, or less gentle in feeling or attitude.
शारीरिक रूप से कठोर होना, या भावना और रवैये में कम कोमल होना।
- The ground hardened in winter.
To become less able to bend; also to become tense or firmer in resolve.
कम मुड़ने योग्य होना; तनावपूर्ण या दृढ़ होना भी।
- Her muscles stiffened after the long walk.
To make or become stronger and able to bear difficulty.
कठिनाई सहने योग्य अधिक मज़बूत बनाना या बनना।
- Village life toughened him.
◇Word family
≈Synonyms and antonyms
AaSpelling
hard·en
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
A hardened criminal (one who has committed many crimes and is not sorry), harden your heart (become unsympathetic), hardened attitudes.
Collocations: a hardened criminal (कई अपराध करने वाला और पछतावा न रखने वाला), harden your heart (कठोर बनना), hardened attitudes।
✓In the exam
One-word substitution
Used to something unpleasant so that you no longer feel it is inured.
किसी अप्रिय चीज़ का इतना आदी कि महसूस न हो inured।