hardness
/ˈhɑːdnəs/noun
उच्चारण हार्ड्नस
कठोरता, सख़्ती
Core word
- 1
[U]
the quality of being solid, firm and difficult to bend, cut or break
कठोरता, सख़्ती
- Diamond is famous for its hardness.
- the hardness of the ground in summer
- The hardness of the rock made drilling slow.
+ 2 more examples
- Steel is valued for its hardness and strength.
- Test the hardness of a mineral by trying to scratch it.
Synonyms firmness rigidity solidity
Opposite softness
- 2
[U]
the quality of being unkind or showing no sympathy
कठोरता, निष्ठुरता
- There was a hardness in his voice that frightened her.
- The hardness of her stare surprised everyone, because she was usually so gentle.
- His voice had a hardness that surprised the teacher.
+ 2 more examples
- There was no hardness in her eyes, only sadness.
- Years of poverty had given him a certain hardness.
Synonyms harshness severity coldness
Opposite gentleness kindness
- 3
[U]
the amount of calcium and other minerals in water, which stops soap from forming bubbles easily
(पानी का) खारापन, कठोरता
- The hardness of the water leaves white marks on the taps.
- Hardness in the water leaves a white layer inside the kettle.
- The hardness of the tap water varies from town to town.
+ 2 more examples
- A water softener reduces hardness in the supply.
- Chemistry students measure the hardness of water samples.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
hardness (uncountable)
Use hardness for the quality of being firm and difficult to scratch, bend or break; it has no plural in this sense.
कड़ी, खरोंचने, मोड़ने या तोड़ने में कठिन होने के गुण के लिए 'hardness' का प्रयोग होता है; इस अर्थ में इसका plural नहीं होता।
- The hardness of a diamond makes it useful for cutting.
- Steel is valued for its hardness.
the hardness of + noun
Of links the quality to the thing that has it.
'Of' इस गुण को उस वस्तु से जोड़ता है जिसमें वह है।
- Geologists test the hardness of rocks with a scale.
hardness of water
In science, hardness of water means a high level of dissolved minerals that stops soap from lathering.
विज्ञान में पानी की hardness का अर्थ घुले खनिजों की अधिक मात्रा है, जिससे साबुन झाग नहीं बनाता।
- The hardness of the well water leaves white marks in the kettle.
hardness of heart / of character
In a figurative sense it means lack of kindness or sympathy.
आलंकारिक अर्थ में इसका मतलब दयालुता या सहानुभूति की कमी है।
- The hardness of his voice surprised everyone.
+Collocations 4
adjective + hardness
extremesurfacegreatrelativeunusual
- The surface hardness of the metal was tested in the laboratory.
verb + hardness
measuretestincreasereducelose
- Heating the steel changes its hardness.
hardness + noun
scaletestlevelvaluerating
- Talc is the softest mineral on the hardness scale.
hardness + of
of steelof waterof the groundof his toneof the task
- The hardness of the ground made digging difficult.
“More examples 5
- Mohs scale measures the hardness of minerals from one to ten.
Mohs scale खनिजों की कठोरता एक से दस तक मापता है।
- The hardness of the water in our town damages washing machines.
हमारे कस्बे के पानी की कठोरता washing machine को खराब करती है।
- Radhika noticed the hardness in his eyes when he refused to help.
जब उसने मदद करने से मना किया तो राधिका ने उसकी आँखों में कठोरता देखी।
- The hardness of the wood made it difficult to hammer a nail in.
लकड़ी की कठोरता के कारण उसमें कील ठोकना कठिन था।
- Farmers wait for the rain to soften the hardness of the soil before ploughing.
किसान जुताई से पहले वर्षा के मिट्टी की कठोरता कम करने की प्रतीक्षा करते हैं।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ The hardness of the exam surprised us.
✓ The difficulty of the exam surprised us.
Hardness describes firmness of a material or a person's manner; for a difficult task use difficulty.
'Hardness' पदार्थ की कठोरता या व्यक्ति के स्वभाव के लिए है; कठिन कार्य के लिए 'difficulty' का प्रयोग करें।
✗ The hardnesses of the two metals were compared.
✓ The hardness of the two metals was compared.
Hardness is uncountable in this sense and takes a singular verb.
इस अर्थ में 'hardness' uncountable है और singular क्रिया लेता है।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
These nouns all describe something that is not soft, but they are used for different things.
ये सभी संज्ञाएँ किसी नरम न होने वाली चीज़ का वर्णन करती हैं, पर इनका प्रयोग अलग-अलग वस्तुओं के लिए होता है।
The physical firmness of a material, or a lack of sympathy in a person.
पदार्थ की भौतिक कठोरता, या व्यक्ति में सहानुभूति की कमी।
- The hardness of the stone surprised the sculptor.
The ability to resist damage, strain or difficulty; also strength of character.
क्षति, दबाव या कठिनाई सहने की क्षमता; साथ ही चरित्र की दृढ़ता।
- The toughness of the fabric makes it ideal for school bags.
The quality of being hard to do or understand; never about physical firmness.
करने या समझने में कठिन होने का गुण; भौतिक कठोरता के लिए कभी नहीं।
- The difficulty of the question put many students off.
≈Synonyms and antonyms
✓In the exam
General knowledge
Diamond is the hardest natural substance and has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale, while talc is the softest at 1.
Diamond सबसे कठोर प्राकृतिक पदार्थ है और Mohs scale पर इसकी hardness 10 है, जबकि talc सबसे नरम है जिसकी hardness 1 है।
Temporary hardness of water is caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium and can be removed by boiling.
पानी की temporary hardness calcium और magnesium के bicarbonates के कारण होती है और इसे उबालकर दूर किया जा सकता है।