spine
/spaɪn/noun
उच्चारण स्पाइन
रीढ़, मेरुदंड
Core wordPYP · asked 2 times
Asked in previous papers
as one-word substitution
- 1
[C]
the row of small bones that are connected together down the middle of the back
रीढ़, मेरुदंड
- a spine injury
- She lay flat on the mat to straighten her spine.
- He injured his spine in a fall from the scooter.
+ 2 more examples
- Sitting up straight is good for the spine.
- The doctor examined her spine for signs of damage.
Synonyms backbone spinal column vertebral column vertebrae
- 2
[U]
courage and strength
साहस, दृढ़ता
- He lacks the spine to stand up to bullies.
- It takes real spine to admit a mistake in public.
- She showed real spine in standing up to the bully.
+ 2 more examples
- He has no spine and agrees with whoever spoke last.
- The speech needed spine, and the minister had little of it.
- 3
[C]
the narrow part of the cover of a book that you can see when it is on a shelf
(किताब की) जिल्द का पीठ भाग
- the title on the spine
- The spine of the old book was cracked and faded.
- I looked along the spine of each book to find the title.
+ 2 more examples
- The spine of the dictionary is wide and strong.
- Her new novel has a bright yellow spine.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
spine (noun, countable)
Spine is the countable word for the line of bones down the back; a person has one spine, so the singular is normal.
'Spine' पीठ की हड्डियों की कतार के लिए गणनीय संज्ञा है; एक व्यक्ति की एक ही spine होती है, इसलिए singular रूप सामान्य है।
- The doctor said Radhika had a slight curve in her spine.
- He injured his spine in a fall from the roof.
the spine of a book
Use spine for the narrow edge of a book that you see on a shelf; the title is often printed along it.
किताब के उस संकरे किनारे के लिए 'spine' का प्रयोग होता है जो shelf पर दिखाई देता है; उस पर अक्सर शीर्षक छपा होता है।
- The title is printed on the spine of the book.
- The spine of my old dictionary has cracked.
have / lack the spine to-infinitive
In the figurative sense, spine means courage and strength of character; it takes the and a to-infinitive.
आलंकारिक अर्थ में 'spine' का मतलब साहस और चरित्र की दृढ़ता है; इसके साथ the और to-infinitive आता है।
- He lacked the spine to refuse his manager.
- It takes spine to speak the truth in a crowd.
spine + of + noun (plural verb trap)
In a sentence like 'the spine of the books', the verb agrees with the head noun spine and not with the noun after of.
'The spine of the books' जैसे वाक्य में verb मुख्य noun 'spine' के अनुसार आती है, 'of' के बाद वाले noun के अनुसार नहीं।
- The spine of these old files is torn.
+Collocations 4
adjective + spine
curvedstraightweakinjuredstiff
- Sitting with a straight spine helps you avoid back pain.
verb + spine
injurestraightenstiffendamagecrack
- The accident damaged his spine badly.
spine + noun
surgeryinjuryspecialistcurve
- A spine specialist examined the patient on Monday.
spine-chilling / spineless
spine-chillingspinelessspine-tinglingbackbone
- The film had a spine-chilling climax.
“More examples 5
- The librarian wrote the book number on the spine of each volume.
पुस्तकालयाध्यक्ष ने हर खंड की spine पर किताब का नंबर लिखा।
- A cold shiver ran down my spine when I heard the footsteps.
क़दमों की आहट सुनकर मेरी रीढ़ में ठंडी सिहरन दौड़ गई।
- Yoga can make your spine more flexible.
योग आपकी रीढ़ को अधिक लचीला बना सकता है।
- The minister showed no spine when the officials pressed him.
जब अधिकारियों ने दबाव डाला, तो मंत्री ने कोई दृढ़ता नहीं दिखाई।
- Hold the book by its spine so that the pages do not fall out.
किताब को उसकी spine से पकड़ें ताकि पन्ने बाहर न गिरें।
!Common mistakes 2
✗ The spine of the old books are damaged.
✓ The spine of the old books is damaged.
The subject is the singular noun spine, so the verb must be singular.
Subject singular संज्ञा 'spine' है, इसलिए verb singular होनी चाहिए।
✗ She feels pain in her spines.
✓ She feels pain in her spine.
A person has one spine, so the plural is wrong here.
एक व्यक्ति की एक ही spine होती है, इसलिए यहाँ plural गलत है।
≈Synonyms and antonyms
?Which word?
Keep the courage words together: spine, backbone, grit, mettle, nerve.
साहस के शब्द साथ याद रखिए: spine, backbone, grit, mettle, nerve।
§Grammar and usage
The opposite spineless means cowardly.
विपरीत spineless का अर्थ कायर है।
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
Send shivers or a chill down your spine (make you very frightened or excited: 'a spine-chilling story'), spineless (weak, lacking courage).
Idioms: send shivers या a chill down your spine (बहुत डराना या रोमांचित करना: 'a spine-chilling story'), spineless (कमज़ोर, साहसहीन)।
✓In the exam
General knowledge
Science: the spine (vertebral column) has 33 vertebrae; animals with a backbone are vertebrates; those without (insects, worms) invertebrates.
विज्ञान में रीढ़ (vertebral column) में 33 कशेरुकाएँ होती हैं; रीढ़ वाले जीव vertebrates; बिना रीढ़ वाले (कीड़े, केंचुए) invertebrates।