hard
/hɑːd/adjective
उच्चारण हार्ड
कठोर, सख्त
Basic wordPYP · asked 20 times
Asked in previous papers
as antonym, idiom
+15 more
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solid, firm or stiff and difficult to bend or break
कठोर, सख्त
- The ground was hard and dry.
- The cricket ball is made of hard leather covered with stitches.
- The bed was hard, but I slept well.
+ 2 more examples
- Diamonds are the hardest natural material.
- The hard bread was difficult to chew.
Opposite soft
- 2
~ (for sb) (to do sth)
difficult to do, understand or answer
कठिन, मुश्किल
- The paper was harder than last year's.
- Some questions in the reasoning section were really hard for everyone.
- It is hard to learn a new language as an adult.
+ 2 more examples
- Radhika found the maths problem very hard.
- The hardest part of the journey was climbing the last hill.
Opposite easy
- 3
[only before noun]
putting a lot of effort into an activity
मेहनती
- She is a hard worker.
- Success in any exam needs hard and steady effort every single day.
- Radhika is a hard worker who never misses a day.
+ 2 more examples
- After a hard day at the office, he wanted only rest.
- The team had a long and hard season.
- 1
with great effort; with a lot of force
मेहनत से; ज़ोर से
- You must work hard.
- It was raining hard.
- Radhika studied hard for the final exam.
+ 2 more examples
- He hit the ball hard and it flew over the boundary.
- The wind was blowing hard all night.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 5
hard + to-infinitive
After adjectives like hard, the to-infinitive does not take an object that repeats the subject: say hard to solve, not hard to solve it.
Hard जैसे adjectives के बाद to-infinitive में कर्ता को दोहराने वाला object नहीं लगता: 'hard to solve' लिखें, 'hard to solve it' नहीं।
- This problem is hard to solve.
- She is hard to please.
It is hard for sb to do sth
Use for to name the person who finds the task difficult.
जिस व्यक्ति को कार्य कठिन लगता है, उसका नाम बताने के लिए 'for' का प्रयोग होता है।
- It is hard for beginners to speak fluently.
work hard / try hard (adverb)
Hard is both an adjective and an adverb with the same form. The adverb means with great effort and is not changed to hardly.
'Hard' adjective और adverb दोनों है और रूप समान रहता है; adverb का अर्थ पूरे प्रयास से है और इसे 'hardly' नहीं बनाया जाता।
- Radhika works hard every day.
hardly = almost not
Hardly is a different word meaning almost not at all. It is already negative and is placed before the main verb.
'Hardly' अलग शब्द है जिसका अर्थ लगभग बिल्कुल नहीं है; यह पहले से नकारात्मक है और मुख्य क्रिया से पहले आता है।
- I can hardly hear you.
hard (solid, severe)
In its physical sense, hard means firm and not easy to bend, and in its figurative sense it means severe or harsh.
भौतिक अर्थ में 'hard' का अर्थ ठोस और कठोर है, और लाक्षणिक अर्थ में यह कठोर या कष्टप्रद होता है।
- The ground was hard after the summer.
+Collocations 4
hard + noun
worklucktimesdrivecopyevidence
- Hard work brings success.
कठिनाई और कठोरता दोनों के लिए ये संज्ञाएँ आती हैं।
verb + hard
worktrystudypushfall
- He tried hard to win.
adverb + hard
veryextremelysurprisinglytoopretty
- The exam was surprisingly hard.
hard + fixed phrase
hard of hearinghard on sbhard uphard luckhard and fast
- The teacher is hard on lazy students.
“More examples 5
- It rained so hard that the match was stopped.
इतनी तेज़ बारिश हुई कि मैच रोक दिया गया।
- The ground was hard after the summer.
गर्मी के बाद ज़मीन सख़्त हो गई थी।
- Life was hard for the family after the flood.
बाढ़ के बाद परिवार का जीवन कठिन था।
- I find it hard to wake up early in winter.
सर्दियों में जल्दी उठना मुझे कठिन लगता है।
- Hard luck, Rohan; you will do better next time.
दुर्भाग्य, रोहन; अगली बार तुम बेहतर करोगे।
!Common mistakes 3
✗ He works hardly.
✓ He works hard.
Hardly does not mean hard; it means almost not, so the adverb for effort is hard.
'Hardly' का अर्थ 'hard' नहीं, बल्कि 'लगभग नहीं' है; परिश्रम के लिए adverb 'hard' ही है।
✗ This sum is hard to solve it.
✓ This sum is hard to solve.
Do not repeat the object after the infinitive, because the subject is already the object.
Infinitive के बाद object को दोहराएँ नहीं, क्योंकि कर्ता ही यहाँ object का काम कर रहा है।
✗ I can hardly not hear.
✓ I can hardly hear.
Hardly is already negative, so adding not creates a double negative.
'Hardly' पहले से नकारात्मक है, इसलिए 'not' जोड़ने से double negative बन जाता है।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
Hard and difficult both mean not easy, but hard has more uses.
Hard और difficult दोनों का अर्थ कठिन है, पर hard के प्रयोग अधिक हैं।
Not easy to do or deal with; not used for solid things.
करने या सँभालने में कठिन; ठोस वस्तु के लिए नहीं।
- A difficult question.
Strong and able to bear difficulty; also demanding or severe.
मज़बूत और कठिनाई सहने वाला; साथ ही कठोर या माँग करने वाला।
- It was a tough match.
¶Idioms 9
hard of hearing
unable to hear very well
ऊँचा सुनने वाला, कम सुनाई देने वाला
- Speak louder — my grandfather is hard of hearing.
- Subtitles help people who are hard of hearing.
hard done by
treated unfairly
जिसके साथ अन्याय हुआ हो
- She felt hard done by when her brother got the bigger room.
- The players felt hard done by after the referee's decision.
no hard feelings
used to tell sb that you are not angry with them
कोई गिला-शिकवा नहीं
- No hard feelings — I know you didn't mean it.
- We shook hands, no hard feelings.
hard at it
working very hard
पूरी लगन से काम में जुटा हुआ
- When I went into the room, they were hard at it.
- Radhika has been hard at it since six o'clock.
be hard on sb
to treat or criticize sb too strictly; to be unfair to sb
किसी के साथ सख़्ती करना; किसी के साथ ज़्यादती होना
- Don't be so hard on yourself — everyone makes mistakes.
- It's hard on the children when parents move often.
hard to come by
difficult to get or find
मुश्किल से मिलने वाला
- Good jobs are hard to come by these days.
- Fresh vegetables were hard to come by in the hills.
hard going
difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort
कठिन, मेहनत माँगने वाला
- I found the book rather hard going.
- The climb was hard going in the heat.
hard up
having very little money, especially for a short period of time; lacking something that you need or want
तंगहाल, पैसों की तंगी में, कड़की में
- We were very hard up when we first moved to Delhi.
- Students are often hard up at the end of the month.
- The team was hard up for good bowlers.
go hard with sb
(of a situation) to cause difficulty, trouble or suffering for somebody
किसी के लिए मुश्किल या भारी पड़ना
- It will go hard with him if he is caught lying again.
- The drought went hard with the small farmers.
?Which word?
hard or hardly?
The adverb of hard is hard: 'He works hard.' Hardly means almost not: 'He hardly works' means he does almost no work.
Hard का adverb भी hard ही है, इसलिए 'He works hard' का अर्थ है कि वह कड़ी मेहनत करता है। Hardly का अर्थ 'लगभग नहीं' है, इसलिए 'He hardly works' का अर्थ है कि वह लगभग काम नहीं करता।