include
/ɪnˈkluːd/verb
उच्चारण इन्क्लूड
शामिल होना, सम्मिलित करना
Basic word
- 1
[T] ~ sth | ~ doing sth
if one thing includes another, it has the second thing as one of its parts
शामिल होना, सम्मिलित करना
- The price includes GST.
- The syllabus includes grammar and vocabulary.
- The ticket includes breakfast and lunch.
+ 2 more examples
- The course includes a weekly quiz.
- The list of winners includes two students from our school.
Synonyms contain comprise incorporate cover encompass
- 2
[T] ~ sb/sth (as/in/on sth)
to make somebody or something part of a larger group or set
शामिल करना
- Include your phone number.
- Please include me in the group photo.
- They forgot to include the last chapter in the test.
+ 1 more example
- Remember to include your roll number on every page.
§Structures (grammar patterns) 4
include + noun
Include is transitive and takes the part directly: The fee includes lunch. It is not followed by 'in' or 'to'.
Include सकर्मक है और अंग सीधे लेता है: The fee includes lunch. उसके बाद 'in' या 'to' नहीं आता।
- The price includes GST.
- The syllabus includes poetry and drama.
include + -ing
A gerund can follow: The job includes travelling.
Gerund आ सकता है: The job includes travelling.
- His duties include answering phone calls and filing letters.
include sb/sth in / on + list or group
To add someone to a group, use 'in' for the whole (include me in the team) and 'on' for a list (include him on the list).
किसी को समूह में जोड़ने के लिए पूरे के लिए 'in' (include me in the team) और सूची के लिए 'on' (include him on the list)।
- Please include Radhika in the quiz team.
- Include your name on the form.
include (not exhaustive) vs comprise / consist of
Include suggests the list is only part of the whole; comprise and consist of give the whole. Include is never used in the continuous.
Include सूचित करता है कि सूची पूरे का केवल एक भाग है; comprise और consist of पूरा बताते हैं। Include का continuous रूप नहीं बनता।
- The team includes two bowlers; the squad consists of fifteen players.
+Collocations 4
include + noun
a clausea namea picturean examplethe costbreakfast
- The writer included an example in every paragraph.
adverb + include
alsospecificallynotablyexpresslytypicallyusually
- The list notably includes the capital city.
be included in
the pricethe syllabusthe feethe packagethe planthe team
- Meals are included in the package tour.
include + people
studentschildrenwomeneveryonethe elderly
- The programme includes students from all classes.
“More examples 5
- The ticket includes entry to the museum and a guided tour.
टिकट में संग्रहालय का प्रवेश और गाइड के साथ भ्रमण शामिल है।
- Radhika's list of hobbies includes painting and cycling.
राधिका के शौकों की सूची में चित्रकला और साइकिल चलाना शामिल हैं।
- The final report must include all the data collected.
अंतिम रिपोर्ट में एकत्र किया गया सारा डेटा शामिल होना चाहिए।
- The cost of postage is not included in the price.
डाक का खर्च मूल्य में शामिल नहीं है।
- The committee decided to include two women members.
समिति ने दो महिला सदस्यों को शामिल करने का निर्णय लिया।
!Common mistakes 1
✗ The package is including breakfast.
✓ The package includes breakfast.
Include is a stative verb and is not used in the continuous.
Include stative क्रिया है और continuous में प्रयुक्त नहीं होती।
≠Thesaurus: which synonym when
These verbs all talk about parts of a whole, but differently.
ये क्रियाएँ पूरे के अंगों की बात करती हैं, पर अलग तरीके से।
Has something as one part, not necessarily the whole list.
किसी चीज़ को एक अंग के रूप में रखना, ज़रूरी नहीं कि पूरी सूची हो।
- The price includes tax.
Has something inside, as in a container.
किसी चीज़ को भीतर रखना, जैसे पात्र में।
- The box contains books.
Is made up of all these parts.
इन सभी अंगों से मिलकर बना होना।
- The committee comprises nine members.
¶Idioms 1
include me out
(informal, humorous) do not include me in an activity
मुझे इसमें शामिल मत करो
- If you are planning a trek in this heat, include me out.
- 'We're all going to the late show.' 'Include me out — I'm tired.'
≈Synonyms and antonyms
AaSpelling
in·clude
?Which word?
Keep apart include (part of a larger whole, not complete: 'The team includes Radhika') and comprise (consist of all the parts: 'The team comprises ten players', not 'comprises of').
Include (बड़े पूरे का हिस्सा, पूर्ण सूची नहीं: 'The team includes Radhika') और comprise (सभी भागों से मिलकर बना: 'The team comprises ten players', 'comprises of' नहीं) को अलग रखिए।
“Collocations, idioms and sayings
Inclusive of taxes, all-inclusive.
Collocations: inclusive of taxes, all-inclusive।